PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.